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Playwright is an open-source, end-to-end testing framework that automates web application testing across multiple browsers. This guide will help you set up your environment for creating authenticated tests with Clerk, assuming you have some familiarity with both Clerk and Playwright.

Important

See the demo repo that demonstrates testing a Clerk-powered application using Testing Tokens. To run the tests, you'll need dev instance Clerk API keys and have Email and Password authentication enabled in the Clerk Dashboard. A test user is created automatically during setup.

Install @clerk/testing

Clerk's testing package provides integration helpers for popular testing frameworks. Run the following command to install it:

terminal
npm i @clerk/testing --save-dev
terminal
yarn add -D @clerk/testing
terminal
pnpm add @clerk/testing -D

Set your API keys

In your test runner, set your and as the CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY and CLERK_SECRET_KEY environment variables, respectively.

Warning

Ensure that the Secret Key is provided securely to prevent exposure to third parties. For example, if you are using GitHub Actions, refer to Using secrets in GitHub Actions.

Configure Playwright with Clerk

The clerkSetup() function obtains a Testing Token when your test suite starts, making it available for all subsequent tests to use. This ensures that you don't have to manually generate a Testing Token for each test.

To configure Playwright with Clerk, call the clerkSetup() function in your global setup file, as shown in the following example:

global.setup.ts
import { clerkSetup } from '@clerk/testing/playwright'
import { test as setup } from '@playwright/test'

// Setup must be run serially, this is necessary if Playwright is configured to run fully parallel: https://playwright.dev/docs/test-parallel
setup.describe.configure({ mode: 'serial' })

setup('global setup', async ({}) => {
  await clerkSetup()
})

Note

Instead of calling clerkSetup(), you can manually set the Testing Token by setting the CLERK_TESTING_TOKEN environment variable to the Testing Token that you create through the Backend API.

Use setupClerkTestingToken()

Now that Playwright is configured with Clerk, you can use the setupClerkTestingToken() function to include the Testing Token in individual test cases. This function injects the Testing Token for the specific test, ensuring the test can bypass Clerk's bot detection mechanisms. See the following example:

my-test.spec.ts
import { setupClerkTestingToken } from '@clerk/testing/playwright'
import { test } from '@playwright/test'

test('sign up', async ({ page }) => {
  await setupClerkTestingToken({ page })

  await page.goto('/sign-up')
  // Add additional test logic here
})

Tip

The <SignUp /> component renders form fields based on your instance configuration in the Clerk Dashboard, including in testing mode. If your instance requires additional fields like first and last name, username, or legal acceptance, those fields will appear in the sign-up form and must be filled in your test. See Test the sign-up form for a complete example.

Troubleshooting

Sign-up form fields missing (e.g., first and last name)

If the <SignUp /> component only renders email and password fields in your Playwright tests but shows all fields in a normal browser, check your Playwright config for the --disable-web-security Chrome launch argument.

This flag strips the Origin header from cross-origin requests, which causes Clerk's API to reject the environment configuration request. Without the environment config, the component falls back to a minimal form.

Remove --disable-web-security from your launchOptions.args to fix this.

setupClerkTestingToken error: "Clerk Frontend API URL is required"

Make sure clerkSetup() is called in a project-based setup, not a function-based globalSetup.

With a function-based globalSetup, the setup runs in a separate process and the environment variables set by clerkSetup() (CLERK_FAPI and CLERK_TESTING_TOKEN) don't propagate to your test workers.

Use a project-based setup as shown in the Configure Playwright with Clerk section above, and declare it as a dependency for your test projects.

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